峨山古名嶍峨，因县城东北面有嶍山，南有峨山而得名。西汉峨山属益州郡胜休县，唐代设嶍峨部，元改嶍峨千户为嶍峨州。1930年1月更名为峨山县。1951年5月12日，成立峨山民族自治县。1956年改称峨山彝族自治县，隶属于玉溪专州。是新中国第一个彝族自治县，云南省第一个实行民族区域自治的地方，也是滇中革命老区之一。
    全县辖5镇3乡，总人口15万人，面积1972平方公里，是一个以彝族为主体、多民族杂居的山区农业县。彝族占总人口的52％，少数民族占总人口的64％，农业人口占总人口的80％，山区面积占总面积的96％，全县森林覆盖率55.8％。峨山自然资源丰富。矿山资源主要有无烟煤、铁、铜、高岭土、硅藻土、花岗岩、大理石等，铁矿探明储量1。18亿吨，煤矿储量3000多万吨；地热资源有小街天子山温泉、大龙潭乡温泉及宝泉温泉，水温平均40℃。峨山是云南的交通要道，通往东南亚的昆曼国际大通道纵贯全境，县城通过昆玉高速和玉元高速与昆明市、玉溪市相通。
    党的十一届三中全会以来，峨山的国民经济和社会发展成就喜人。以粮、烟、茶、蔗、林果、畜牧、油料为主的产业群得到培植；以矿业、铸造、造纸、化工、食品、制革、酿酒、建材等为骨干的地方民族工业体系初步形成。生铁、纯菜籽高烹油、茶叶、玉林泉酒等一批产品分别荣获省优、部优称号。特别是县第九次党代会以来，新一届县委、政府树立科学发展观、正确的政绩观和以人为本的执政理念，抓住西部大开发的有利时机，牢牢把握全县改革发展稳定的大局，进一步吃透县情，在国际国内发展的大格局中找准全县经济社会发展的突破点，确立了“工业强县、农业稳县、流通活县”的发展思路。按照这个发展思路，县委。县政府坚持“一手抓干部队伍建设，一手抓县域经济发展”。结合峨山县情，发挥资源优势，培植支柱产业，以推进峨山工业化进程为突破口，以结构调整为主线，以项目和科技引进为驱动力，已提高人民生活水平为根本出发点，着力实施“可持续发展、科教兴峨、特色经济、山区综合开发、城镇化和开放型经济”六大战略，建成了冶炼。化工、酿酒、食用精炼油等一批工业特色优势产业。农业结构调整进一步优化，烤烟、油菜、畜牧业成为农民增收的主要渠道。近年来，全县经济始终保持两位数增长速度，2002—2004年，全县GDP分别实现9.03亿元、10.07亿元和12.15亿元；地方财政收入分别为5651万元、7065万元和10045万元；农民人均纯收入分别为2126元、2237元和2641元。2005年全县预计完成GDP14亿元，比上年增长15.15％；完成固定资产投资5.8亿元，增长42％；完成地方财政收入1.15亿元，增长14.48％；实现农民人均纯收入2925元，比上年增加284元。同时社会各项事业也实现了全面协调发展。
    新的历史时期，面对新的发展机遇，县委、县政府领导班子始终以邓小评理论、“三个代表”重要思想和十六大、十六届五中全会精神为指导，以人为本，用科学发展观统领经济社会发展全局，以建设中国第一个生态彝族自治县为目标，以发展为第一要务，以科技为支撑，以改革开放为动力，进一步深化“生态立县、工业强县、农业稳县”的发展思路，与时俱进，开拓创新，抓基础、调结构、兴产业、创特色，不断壮大县域经济，推动社会事业全面进步。重点在“四个突出，一个保障”上下功夫；突出抓好自然生态建设。全面改善人居环境；突出自主创新，围绕“一瓶酒、一壶油、一包化肥、一块铸铁”四大特色产业，不断壮大县域经济；突出结构调整，突出民族文化建设，发展社会各项事业。维护社会稳定，巩固“无毒”、“平安”县创建成果，切实做好艾滋病防控工作，着力构建平安和谐峨山，加强党的建设，为经济社会发展提供坚强保障。建设全面、协调和可持续发展的绿色峨山以成为全县上下的共识。
    我们坚信，在新时期，有上级党委、政府的正确领导，有各级领导的鼎立支持、有峨山十五万人民的共同努力，峨山这一滇中绿色明珠将会放射出更加璀璨的光芒。

中国第一个彝族自治县——峨山 China’s first Yi Nationality Autonomous County-Eshan

峨山古名嶍峨，因县城东北面有嶍山，南有峨山而得名。Eshan was named Xu-e in the ancient time, as Mount Xu lay northeast to the county town and Mount E south to it. 西汉峨山属益州郡胜休县，唐代设嶍峨部，元改xu峨千户为嶍峨州。In the Western Han Dynasty, Eshan was under the jurisdiction of Shengxiu County of Yizhou Prefecture. In the Tang Dynasty, Xu-e Ministry was established. In the Yuan Dynasty, Xu-e Qianhu was renamed Xu-e Zhou. In January, 1930, it was renamed Eshan County. On May 12^th, 1951, Eshan Nationality Autonomous County was set up. In 1956, it was renamed Eshan Yi Nationality Autonomous Country under the jurisdiction of Yuxi Prefecture. It is the first Yi nationality autonomous county in China and the first place in Yunnan that realizes regional national autonomy. It is also one of the old revolutionary base areas in middle Yunnan.

据明《万历云南通志》记载：“唐时为xu猊蛮所居，名xu峨部，阿棘蛮酋逐xu猊据其地”。全县辖5镇3乡，总人口15万人，面积1972平方公里，是一个以彝族为主体、多民族杂居的山区农业县。There are five towns and three townships under the jurisdiction of the county. Having a population of 150,000 people and covering an area of 1,972 square kilometers, it is a mountainous agricultural county with many ethnic groups dominated by Yi nationality. The Yi people constitute 52 percent of the total population, minorities 64 percent and agricultural population 80 percent. The mountainous area makes up 96 percent of the total area and the area covered by forests 55.8 percent. Shan is rich in natural resources. The mineral resources mainly include smokeless coal, iron, copper, kaolin, diatomite, granite, and marble, etc. The verified iron reserves are 1.18 tons. The proved coal reserves are over 30 million tons. The terrestrial heat resources include Xiaojie Tainzi Hot Spring, Dalongtan Township Hot Spring and Baoquan Hot Spring, where the average water temperature is 40℃. 峨山是云南的交通要道，通往东南亚的昆曼国际大通道纵贯全境，县城通过昆玉高速和玉元高速与昆明市、玉溪市相通。Eshan is an important line of communication in Yunnan, with the international passage to Southeast Asia running through it longitudinally. The county town is connected to Kunming and Yuxi by Kunyu Highway and Yuyuan Highway.

党的十一届三中全会以来，峨山的国民经济和社会发展成就喜人。Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, Eshan has achieved satisfactory economic and social developments. 以粮、烟、茶、蔗、林果、畜牧、油料为主的产业群得到培植；以矿业、铸造、造纸、化工、食品、制革、酿酒、建材等为骨干的地方民族工业体系初步形成。An industrial group dominated by grains, tobacco, teas, sugar canes, fruit, pasturage and oil plants has been built up; a local system of national industries dominated by mining, foundry, paper-making industry, chemical industry, food-processing industry, leather-making industry, wine-making industry and construction materials has come into being initially. Products such as pig iron, pure rape seeds, high-grade cooking oil, tea and Yuling Spring Wine have won respectively the titles of “province-recognized quality product” and “ministry-recognized quality product”. Since the County’s Ninth Conference of Party Representatives, the new county committee has set up a scientific conception of development, a correct view of political achievements and a people-oriented administrative idea, seized the favorable opportunity of the Western Development Drive, grasped the overall situation of the county’s stable reform and development, got an thorough understanding of the county's conditions, sought  break-through points for the county’s economic and social development in the greater pattern of international and domestic development, and developed the idea of “strengthening the county with industry, stabilizing the county with agriculture and activating the county by circulation ”.  按照这个发展思路，县委、县政府坚持“一手抓干部队伍建设，一手抓县域经济发展”，结合峨山县情，发挥资源优势，培植支柱产业，以推进峨山工业化进程为突破口，以结构调整为主线，以项目和科技引进为驱动力，以提高人民生活水平为根本出发点，着力实施“可持续发展、科教兴峨、特色经济、山区综合开发、城镇化和开放型经济”六大战略，建成了冶炼、化工、酿酒、食用精炼油等一批工业特色优势产业。The county committee and county government keep “stressing the construction of the rank of cadres on the one hand and the county’s economic development on the other hand” in accordance with that idea. They take Eshan’s situation into consideration, give full play to Eshan’s resource advantage, build up mainstay industries, and take the promotion of Eshan’s industrial progress as the breakthrough point, structural adjustment as the main thread, and introduction of programs and technologies as the drive. Taking the improvement of people’s living as their basic point of departure, they make great efforts to carry through the six great strategies of “sustainable development, Eshan’s prosperity through science and education, characteristic economy, comprehensive development of mountainous area, more towns and open economy ”, and succeed in building up some advantageous industries bearing industrial characteristics, such as smeltery, chemical industry, wine-making industry, and refined edible oil industry, etc.农业结构进一步优化，烤烟、油菜、畜牧业成为农民增收的主要渠道。The agricultural structure is further optimized. Flue-cured tobacco, rape, and pasturage have become the main channels for increasing farmers’ income. 近年来，全县经济始终保持两位数增长速度，2002—2004年，全县GDP分别实现9.03亿元、10.07亿元和12.15亿元；地方财政收入分别为5651万元、7065万元和10045万元；农民人均纯收入分别为2126元、2237元和2641元。In recent years, the county’s economy has been growing by the tens digit. From 2002 to 2004, the county’s GDPs were respectively 903 million Yuan, 1,007 million Yuan, and 1215 million Yuan; local revenues were respectively 56.61 million Yuan, 70.65 million Yuan and 100.45 million Yuan; farmers’ average net income was respectively 2126 Yuan, 2237Yuan and 2641Yuan. 2005年全县预计完成GDP14亿元，比上年增长15.15%；完成固定资产投资5.8亿元，增长42%；完成地方财政收入1.15亿元，增长14.48%；实现农民人均纯收入2925元，比上年增加284元，同时，社会各项事业也实现全面协调发展。The estimated GDP of 2005 is 1400 million Yuan, increasing by 15.1% in comparison with last year; estimated investment on permanent assets is 580 million, increasing by 42%; estimated local revenue is 115 million Yuan; estimated average net income of a farmer is 2925 Yuan, increasing by 284 Yuan in comparison with last year. At the same time, various causes of the society are undergoing all-round and coordinated development.

新的历史时期，面对新的发展机遇，县委、县政府领导班子始终以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想和十六大、十六届五中全会精神为指导，以人为本，用科学发展观统领经济社会发展全局，以建设中国第一个生态彝族自治县为目标，以发展为第一要务，以科技为支撑，以改革开放为动力，进一步深化“生态立县、工业强县、农业稳县”的发展思路，与时俱进，开拓创新，抓基础、调结构、兴产业、创特色，不断壮大县域经济，推动社会事业全面进步。Facing the opportunity for development in a new era, the leaders of the county committee and county government have been adhering to Deng Xiaoping’s theories and the important idea of “three represents”, placing humanity in the first place, and controlling the overall situation with the scientific conception of development. Setting establishing the first ecological Yi Nationality Autonomous County in China as their goal and taking development as the primary task and reforms and opening up as the drive, and further deepening the idea of “establishing an ecological county, strengthening the county with industry and stabilizing it with agriculture” , they advance with the times, give prominence to foundation, adjust structures, build up industries, create their own features, strengthen the county’s economy continuously, and promote the overall progress of social causes.  重点在“四个突出，一个保障”上下工夫；突出抓好自然生态建设。They make concentrated efforts to ensure “four prominences and one support”, namely, to give prominence to construction of Nature and ecology and improving the living environment all-roundly; to give prominence to self-reliance and innovation and boost the county’s economy through developing four characteristic industries—“a bottle of wine, a pot of oil, a bag of fertilizer and a piece of cast iron”;  全面改善人居住环境；突出自主创新，围绕“一瓶酒、一壶油、一包化肥、一块铸铁”四大特色产业，不断壮大县域经济；突出结构调整，突出民族文化建设，发展社会各项事业。to give prominence to structural adjustment, to give prominence to the construction of national culture and develop various social causes; to keep the society stable, consolidate the achievement of being a “innoxious” and “peaceful” county, step up the prevention and control of AIDS in a down-to-earth manner, make efforts to construct a peaceful and harmonious Eshan, strengthen the construction of the Party and provide strong support for economic and social development. It has become the common goal of the whole county to construct a green Eshan which is undergoing all-round, coordinated and sustainable development.

我们坚信，在新时期，有上级党委、政府的正确领导，有各级领导的鼎力支持、有峨山五十万人民的共同努力，峨山这一滇中绿色明珠将会放射出更加璀璨的光芒。We believe firmly that in the new era, under the leadership of party committees and governments at the higher level and with the support from leaders of all levels and the common efforts of 500,000 Eshan people, Eshan, the green pearl lying in the heart of Yunnan, is bound to become more dazzling.